Dosimeters, also called film badges, are used to monitor radiation exposure among veterinary personnel. Which of the following statements is true regarding proper dosimeter handling and use?
Correct Answer: B
Question 147
You will be taking radiographs of a five-year-old MN, a German Shepherd, who presented after being hit by a car. You want to use the best technique, so you do not have to repeat any views. What tissue types require the use of higher kVp?
Correct Answer: C
Generally speaking, the anatomical nature of the structure desired for imaging affects the contrast desired. Contrast refers to the degrees of shades of grey. The higher the contrast, the fewer the shades of grey and the more black and white the image appears. More contrast is needed for thicker body parts to help differentiate surrounding structures. To achieve this, one uses a higher kVp. This allows for variations in greyscale because the surrounding tissues have similar physical density, causing them to absorb similar amounts of x-rays. While the relative thickness of the abdomen and thorax may both be relatively equal in some breeds, the correct choice here is the thorax because the breed listed is known to be a barrel-chested dog. Thus, the thorax structures will be thicker and harder to reach than that of the abdomen. Thinner tissues, such as bone on the extremities, require a lower kVp setting. This occurs because the bone absorbs a large portion of the beam while the thinner areas adjacent to it are permeated. This results in higher contrast (or less grey variation and more white and black).
Question 148
You are preparing the OR for colic surgery. Which of the following would you want to ensure is easily accessible above and beyond the standard routine celiotomy needs?
Correct Answer: D
Standard equipment for an equine celiotomy would include: *Sterile protective clothing for the surgical team *Scrubbing products for the surgical team *Prep materials for the patient *Towel clams *Draping materials *Scalpel blades and handles *Various tissue forceps, tissue clamps, needle drivers, and scissors *Multiple sizes and types of sutures *Ample sterile bowls *Sterile suction and related supplies *Monopolar cautery, including grounding pad *A stock of sterile needles in case gas decompression of the intestines is warranted *Sterile syringes for aspiration of fluids from various organs *Extra drapes and duplicate instrumentation (for soiled, contaminated, or dropped instruments) Additionally, we need to ensure that the surgery team has ready access to a sterile lavage and sterile lubricant such as carboxymethylcellulose. These products help easily break down any adhesions and, hopefully, prevent their formation moving forward. Doyen intestinal forceps are non-traumatic, non-crushing intestinal forceps used to grasp the bowel and likely would be included as part of the regular celiotomy preparation equipment regardless of the surgery. Additionally, they may be needed when performing an umbilical hernia repair. A fetotome is used during dystocias when the fetus is no longer viable to help remove the fetus and preserve the mare's health. It is needed with fetal death and fetal malposition that cannot be adjusted to allow healthy vaginal delivery. Finally, with laparoscopic surgery, one uses instrumentation and a camera to make small incisions and perform abdominal and other procedures. However, it is often insufficient for colic, and the surgeon needs to fully visualize, handle, and manipulate the GI tract. Thus, a celiotomy is the preferred mode of surgical evaluation for the colic patient.
Question 149
What side effect can diazepam cause following IM injection?
Correct Answer: C
Diazepam is a commonly used benzodiazepine. It is not fat-soluble because it uses propylene glycol as the carrier. Thus, when injected IM, it causes pain and is unpredictably absorbed. Midazolam has similar intended effects to diazepam, but because it is water-soluble, IM administration is feasible without pain or absorption problems. Bradycardia and hypotension may occur when diazepam is given rapidly IV, but this drug class is considered relatively safe. It is not associated with apnea.
Question 150
All of the following are potential physiologic consequences of hypothermia except:
