A Database Specialist is troubleshooting an application connection failure on an Amazon Aurora DB cluster with multiple Aurora Replicas that had been running with no issues for the past 2 months. The connection failure lasted for 5 minutes and corrected itself after that. The Database Specialist reviewed the Amazon RDS events and determined a failover event occurred at that time. The failover process took around 15 seconds to complete.
What is the MOST likely cause of the 5-minute connection outage?

• A.The client-side application is caching the DNS data and its TTL is set too high
• B.After failover, the Aurora DB cluster needs time to warm up before accepting client connections
• C.There were no active Aurora Replicas in the Aurora DB cluster
• D.After a database crash, Aurora needed to replay the redo log from the last database checkpoint

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A company maintains several databases using Amazon RDS for MySQL and PostgreSQL. Each RDS database generates log files with retention periods set to their default values. The company has now mandated that database logs be maintained for up to 90 days in a centralized repository to facilitate real-time and after-the-fact analyses.
What should a Database Specialist do to meet these requirements with minimal effort?

• A.Write a stored procedure in each RDS database to download the logs and consolidate the log files in an Amazon S3 bucket. Set a lifecycle policy to expire the objects after 90 days.
• B.Create an AWS Lambda function to download the logs from the RDS databases and publish the logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Change the log retention policy for the log group to expire the events after
  90 days.
• C.Modify the RDS databases to publish log to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Change the log retention policy for each log group to expire the events after 90 days.
• D.Create an AWS Lambda function to pull logs from the RDS databases and consolidate the log files in an Amazon S3 bucket. Set a lifecycle policy to expire the objects after 90 days.

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A company is hosting critical business data in an Amazon Redshift cluster. Due to the sensitive nature of the data, the cluster is encrypted at rest using AWS KMS. As a part of disaster recovery requirements, the company needs to copy the Amazon Redshift snapshots to another Region.
Which steps should be taken in the AWS Management Console to meet the disaster recovery requirements?

• A.Create a new KMS customer master key in the source Region. Switch to the destination Region, enable Amazon Redshift cross-Region snapshots, and use the KMS key of the source Region.
• B.Enable Amazon Redshift cross-Region snapshots in the source Region, and create a snapshot copy grant and use a KMS key in the destination Region.
• C.Create a new KMS customer master key in the destination Region and create a new IAM role with access to the new KMS key. Enable Amazon Redshift cross-Region replication in the source Region and use the KMS key of the destination Region.
• D.Create a new IAM role with access to the KMS key. Enable Amazon Redshift cross-Region replication using the new IAM role, and use the KMS key of the source Region.

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A company needs to migrate Oracle Database Standard Edition running on an Amazon EC2 instance to an Amazon RDS for Oracle DB instance with Multi-AZ. The database supports an ecommerce website that runs continuously. The company can only provide a maintenance window of up to 5 minutes.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

• A.Configure AWS DataSync with the EC2 instance as the source and the RDS DB instance as the destination. Stop the application when the replication is in sync, change the database connection string, and then restart the application.
• B.Configure Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) on the EC2 instance and the RDS DB instance. Update the connection string to point to the RAC cluster. Once the EC2 instance and RDS DB instance are in sync, fail over from Amazon EC2 to Amazon RDS.
• C.Export the Oracle database from the EC2 instance using Oracle Data Pump and perform an import into Amazon RDS. Stop the application for the entire process. When the import is complete, change the database connection string and then restart the application.
• D.Configure AWS DMS with the EC2 instance as the source and the RDS DB instance as the destination. Stop the application when the replication is in sync, change the database connection string, and then restart the application.

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A company is developing a new web application. An AWS CloudFormation template was created as a part of the build process.
Recently, a change was made to an AWS::RDS::DBInstance resource in the template. The CharacterSetName property was changed to allow the application to process international text. A change set was generated using the new template, which indicated that the existing DB instance should be replaced during an upgrade.
What should a database specialist do to prevent data loss during the stack upgrade?

• A.Deactivate any applications that are using the DB instance. Create a snapshot of the DB instance. Modify the template to add the DBSnapshotIdentifier property with the ID of the DB snapshot. Update the stack and reactivate the applications.
• B.Create a snapshot of the DB instance. Modify the template to add the DBSnapshotIdentifier property with the ID of the DB snapshot. Update the stack.
• C.Modify the stack policy using the aws cloudformation update-stack command and the set-stack-policy command, then make the DB resource protected.
• D.Create a snapshot of the DB instance. Update the stack. Restore the database to a new instance.

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