Instant Access Amazon.AWS-Certified-Machine-Learning-Specialty.v2024-06-17.q246 Actual Practice Test Engine for Free (Page 48)

Question 231

A company sells thousands of products on a public website and wants to automatically identify products with potential durability problems. The company has 1.000 reviews with date, star rating, review text, review summary, and customer email fields, but many reviews are incomplete and have empty fields. Each review has already been labeled with the correct durability result.
A machine learning specialist must train a model to identify reviews expressing concerns over product durability. The first model needs to be trained and ready to review in 2 days.
What is the MOST direct approach to solve this problem within 2 days?

A.Train a custom classifier by using Amazon Comprehend.
B.Build a recurrent neural network (RNN) in Amazon SageMaker by using Gluon and Apache MXNet.
C.Train a built-in BlazingText model using Word2Vec mode in Amazon SageMaker.
D.Use a built-in seq2seq model in Amazon SageMaker.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation
The most direct approach to solve this problem within 2 days is to train a custom classifier by using Amazon Comprehend. Amazon Comprehend is a natural language processing (NLP) service that can analyze text and extract insights such as sentiment, entities, topics, and syntax. Amazon Comprehend also provides a custom classification feature that allows users to create and train a custom text classifier using their own labeled data.
The custom classifier can then be used to categorize any text document into one or more custom classes. For this use case, the custom classifier can be trained to identify reviews that express concerns over product durability as a class, and use the star rating, review text, and review summary fields as input features. The custom classifier can be created and trained using the Amazon Comprehend console or API, and does not require any coding or machine learning expertise. The training process is fully managed and scalable, and can handle large and complex datasets. The custom classifier can be trained and ready to review in 2 days or less, depending on the size and quality of the dataset.
The other options are not the most direct approaches because:
Option B: Building a recurrent neural network (RNN) in Amazon SageMaker by using Gluon and Apache MXNet is a more complex and time-consuming approach that requires coding and machine learning skills. RNNs are a type of deep learning models that can process sequential data, such as text, and learn long-term dependencies between tokens. Gluon is a high-level API for MXNet that simplifies the development of deep learning models. Amazon SageMaker is a fully managed service that provides tools and frameworks for building, training, and deploying machine learning models. However, to use this approach, the machine learning specialist would have to write custom code to preprocess the data, define the RNN architecture, train the model, and evaluate the results. This would likely take more than
2 days and involve more administrative overhead.
Option C: Training a built-in BlazingText model using Word2Vec mode in Amazon SageMaker is not a suitable approach for text classification. BlazingText is a built-in algorithm in Amazon SageMaker that provides highly optimized implementations of the Word2Vec and text classification algorithms. The Word2Vec algorithm is useful for generating word embeddings, which are dense vector representations of words that capture their semantic and syntactic similarities. However, word embeddings alone are not sufficient for text classification, as they do not account for the context and structure of the text documents. To use this approach, the machine learning specialist would have to combine the word embeddings with another classifier model, such as a logistic regression or a neural network, which would add more complexity and time to the solution.
Option D: Using a built-in seq2seq model in Amazon SageMaker is not a relevant approach for text classification. Seq2seq is a built-in algorithm in Amazon SageMaker that provides a sequence-to-sequence framework for neural machine translation based on MXNet. Seq2seq is a supervised learning algorithm that can generate an output sequence of tokens given an input sequence of tokens, such as translating a sentence from one language to another. However, seq2seq is not designed for text classification, which requires assigning a label or a category to a text document, not generating another text sequence. To use this approach, the machine learning specialist would have to modify the seq2seq algorithm to fit the text classification task, which would be challenging and inefficient.
References:
Custom Classification - Amazon Comprehend
Build a Text Classification Model with Amazon Comprehend - AWS Machine Learning Blog Recurrent Neural Networks - Gluon API BlazingText Algorithm - Amazon SageMaker Sequence-to-Sequence Algorithm - Amazon SageMaker

Question 232

A data scientist uses an Amazon SageMaker notebook instance to conduct data exploration and analysis. This requires certain Python packages that are not natively available on Amazon SageMaker to be installed on the notebook instance.
How can a machine learning specialist ensure that required packages are automatically available on the notebook instance for the data scientist to use?

A.Install AWS Systems Manager Agent on the underlying Amazon EC2 instance and use Systems Manager Automation to execute the package installation commands.
B.Create a Jupyter notebook file (.ipynb) with cells containing the package installation commands to execute and place the file under the /etc/init directory of each Amazon SageMaker notebook instance.
C.Use the conda package manager from within the Jupyter notebook console to apply the necessary conda packages to the default kernel of the notebook.
D.Create an Amazon SageMaker lifecycle configuration with package installation commands and assign the lifecycle configuration to the notebook instance.

Question 233

A company that promotes healthy sleep patterns by providing cloud-connected devices currently hosts a sleep tracking application on AWS. The application collects device usage information from device users. The company's Data Science team is building a machine learning model to predict if and when a user will stop utilizing the company's devices. Predictions from this model are used by a downstream application that determines the best approach for contacting users.
The Data Science team is building multiple versions of the machine learning model to evaluate each version against the company's business goals. To measure long-term effectiveness, the team wants to run multiple versions of the model in parallel for long periods of time, with the ability to control the portion of inferences served by the models.
Which solution satisfies these requirements with MINIMAL effort?

A.Build and host multiple models in Amazon SageMaker. Create multiple Amazon SageMaker endpoints, one for each model. Programmatically control invoking different models for inference at the application layer.
B.Build and host multiple models in Amazon SageMaker. Create an Amazon SageMaker endpoint configuration with multiple production variants. Programmatically control the portion of the inferences served by the multiple models by updating the endpoint configuration.
C.Build and host multiple models in Amazon SageMaker Neo to take into account different types of medical devices. Programmatically control which model is invoked for inference based on the medical device type.
D.Build and host multiple models in Amazon SageMaker. Create a single endpoint that accesses multiple models. Use Amazon SageMaker batch transform to control invoking the different models through the single endpoint.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation
Amazon SageMaker is a service that allows users to build, train, and deploy ML models on AWS. Amazon SageMaker endpoints are scalable and secure web services that can be used to perform real-time inference on ML models. An endpoint configuration defines the models that are deployed and the resources that are used by the endpoint. An endpoint configuration can have multiple production variants, each representing a different version or variant of a model. Users can specify the portion of the inferences served by each production variant using the initialVariantWeight parameter. Users can also programmatically update the endpoint configuration to change the portion of the inferences served by each production variant using the UpdateEndpointWeightsAndCapacities API. Therefore, option B is the best solution to satisfy the requirements with minimal effort.
Option A is incorrect because creating multiple endpoints for each model would incur more cost and complexity than using a single endpoint with multiple production variants. Moreover, controlling the invocation of different models at the application layer would require more custom logic and coordination than using the UpdateEndpointWeightsAndCapacities API. Option C is incorrect because Amazon SageMaker Neo is a service that allows users to optimize ML models for different hardware platforms, such as edge devices. It is not relevant to the problem of running multiple versions of a model in parallel for long periods of time.
Option D is incorrect because Amazon SageMaker batch transform is a service that allows users to perform asynchronous inference on large datasets. It is not suitable for the problem of performing real-time inference on streaming data from device users.
References:
Deploying models to Amazon SageMaker hosting services - Amazon SageMaker Update an Amazon SageMaker endpoint to accommodate new models - Amazon SageMaker UpdateEndpointWeightsAndCapacities - Amazon SageMaker

Question 234

A web-based company wants to improve its conversion rate on its landing page. Using a large historical dataset of customer visits, the company has repeatedly trained a multi-class deep learning network algorithm on Amazon SageMaker. However, there is an overfitting problem: training data shows 90% accuracy in predictions, while test data shows 70% accuracy only.
The company needs to boost the generalization of its model before deploying it into production to maximize conversions of visits to purchases.
Which action is recommended to provide the HIGHEST accuracy model for the company's test and validation data?

A.Allocate a higher proportion of the overall data to the training dataset
B.Apply L1 or L2 regularization and dropouts to the training
C.Increase the randomization of training data in the mini-batches used in training
D.Reduce the number of layers and units (or neurons) from the deep learning network

Question 235

A Machine Learning Specialist is building a convolutional neural network (CNN) that will classify 10 types of animals. The Specialist has built a series of layers in a neural network that will take an input image of an animal, pass it through a series of convolutional and pooling layers, and then finally pass it through a dense and fully connected layer with 10 nodes The Specialist would like to get an output from the neural network that is a probability distribution of how likely it is that the input image belongs to each of the 10 classes Which function will produce the desired output?

A.Dropout
B.Smooth L1 loss
C.Softmax
D.Rectified linear units (ReLU)

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