Instant Access Amazon.AWS-Certified-Machine-Learning-Specialty.v2026-04-30.q178 Actual Practice Test Engine for Free (Page 34)

Question 161

A Machine Learning Specialist is building a model that will perform time series forecasting using Amazon SageMaker The Specialist has finished training the model and is now planning to perform load testing on the endpoint so they can configure Auto Scaling for the model variant Which approach will allow the Specialist to review the latency, memory utilization, and CPU utilization during the load test"?

A.Review SageMaker logs that have been written to Amazon S3 by leveraging Amazon Athena and Amazon OuickSight to visualize logs as they are being produced
B.Generate an Amazon CloudWatch dashboard to create a single view for the latency, memory utilization, and CPU utilization metrics that are outputted by Amazon SageMaker
C.Build custom Amazon CloudWatch Logs and then leverage Amazon ES and Kibana to query and visualize the data as it is generated by Amazon SageMaker
D.Send Amazon CloudWatch Logs that were generated by Amazon SageMaker lo Amazon ES and use Kibana to query and visualize the log data.

Question 162

A company is building a predictive maintenance model based on machine learning (ML). The data is stored in a fully private Amazon S3 bucket that is encrypted at rest with AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) CMKs. An ML specialist must run data preprocessing by using an Amazon SageMaker Processing job that is triggered from code in an Amazon SageMaker notebook. The job should read data from Amazon S3, process it, and upload it back to the same S3 bucket. The preprocessing code is stored in a container image in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). The ML specialist needs to grant permissions to ensure a smooth data preprocessing workflow.
Which set of actions should the ML specialist take to meet these requirements?

A.Create an IAM role that has permissions to create Amazon SageMaker Processing jobs. Attach the role to the SageMaker notebook instance. Set up an S3 endpoint in the default VPC. Create Amazon SageMaker Processing jobs with the access key and secret key of the IAM user with appropriate KMS and ECR permissions.
B.Create an IAM role that has permissions to create Amazon SageMaker Processing jobs and to access Amazon ECR. Attach the role to the SageMaker notebook instance. Set up both an S3 endpoint and a KMS endpoint in the default VPC. Create Amazon SageMaker Processing jobs from the notebook.
C.Create an IAM role that has permissions to create Amazon SageMaker Processing jobs. Attach the role to the SageMaker notebook instance. Create an Amazon SageMaker Processing job with an IAM role that has read and write permissions to the relevant S3 bucket, and appropriate KMS and ECR permissions.
D.Create an IAM role that has permissions to create Amazon SageMaker Processing jobs, S3 read and write access to the relevant S3 bucket, and appropriate KMS and ECR permissions. Attach the role to the SageMaker notebook instance. Create an Amazon SageMaker Processing job from the notebook.

Question 163

A data scientist is working on a public sector project for an urban traffic system. While studying the traffic patterns, it is clear to the data scientist that the traffic behavior at each light is correlated, subject to a small stochastic error term. The data scientist must model the traffic behavior to analyze the traffic patterns and reduce congestion.
How will the data scientist MOST effectively model the problem?

A.The data scientist should obtain a correlated equilibrium policy by formulating this problem as a multi-agent reinforcement learning problem.
B.The data scientist should obtain the optimal equilibrium policy by formulating this problem as a single-agent reinforcement learning problem.
C.Rather than finding an equilibrium policy, the data scientist should obtain accurate predictors of traffic flow by using historical data through a supervised learning approach.
D.Rather than finding an equilibrium policy, the data scientist should obtain accurate predictors of traffic flow by using unlabeled simulated data representing the new traffic patterns in the city and applying an unsupervised learning approach.

Correct Answer: A

The data scientist should obtain a correlated equilibrium policy by formulating this problem as a multi-agent reinforcement learning problem. This is because:
Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is a subfield of reinforcement learning that deals with learning and coordination of multiple agents that interact with each other and the environment 1. MARL can be applied to problems that involve distributed decision making, such as traffic signal control, where each traffic light can be modeled as an agent that observes the traffic state and chooses an action (e.g., changing the signal phase) to optimize a reward function (e.g., minimizing the delay or congestion) 2.
A correlated equilibrium is a solution concept in game theory that generalizes the notion of Nash equilibrium. It is a probability distribution over the joint actions of the agents that satisfies the following condition: no agent can improve its expected payoff by deviating from the distribution, given that it knows the distribution and the actions of the other agents 3. A correlated equilibrium can capture the correlation among the agents' actions, which is useful for modeling the traffic behavior at each light that is subject to a small stochastic error term.
A correlated equilibrium policy is a policy that induces a correlated equilibrium in a MARL setting. It can be obtained by using various methods, such as policy gradient, actor-critic, or Q-learning algorithms, that can learn from the feedback of the environment and the communication among the agents 4. A correlated equilibrium policy can achieve a better performance than a Nash equilibrium policy, which assumes that the agents act independently and ignore the correlation among their actions 5.
Therefore, by obtaining a correlated equilibrium policy by formulating this problem as a MARL problem, the data scientist can most effectively model the traffic behavior and reduce congestion.
References:
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Traffic Signal Control: A Survey Correlated Equilibrium Multi-Agent Actor-Critic for Mixed Cooperative-Competitive Environments Correlated Q-Learning

Question 164

A Data Scientist received a set of insurance records, each consisting of a record ID, the final outcome among
200 categories, and the date of the final outcome. Some partial information on claim contents is also provided, but only for a few of the 200 categories. For each outcome category, there are hundreds of records distributed over the past 3 years. The Data Scientist wants to predict how many claims to expect in each category from month to month, a few months in advance.
What type of machine learning model should be used?

A.Classification month-to-month using supervised learning of the 200 categories based on claim contents.
B.Reinforcement learning using claim IDs and timestamps where the agent will identify how many claims in each category to expect from month to month.
C.Forecasting using claim IDs and timestamps to identify how many claims in each category to expect from month to month.
D.Classification with supervised learning of the categories for which partial information on claim contents is provided, and forecasting using claim IDs and timestamps for all other categories.

Question 165

A manufacturer is operating a large number of factories with a complex supply chain relationship where unexpected downtime of a machine can cause production to stop at several factories. A data scientist wants to analyze sensor data from the factories to identify equipment in need of preemptive maintenance and then dispatch a service team to prevent unplanned downtime. The sensor readings from a single machine can include up to 200 data points including temperatures, voltages, vibrations, RPMs, and pressure readings.
To collect this sensor data, the manufacturer deployed Wi-Fi and LANs across the factories. Even though many factory locations do not have reliable or high-speed internet connectivity, the manufacturer would like to maintain near-real-time inference capabilities.
Which deployment architecture for the model will address these business requirements?

A.Deploy the model in Amazon SageMaker. Run sensor data through this model to predict which machines need maintenance.
B.Deploy the model on AWS IoT Greengrass in each factory. Run sensor data through this model to infer which machines need maintenance.
C.Deploy the model to an Amazon SageMaker batch transformation job. Generate inferences in a daily batch report to identify machines that need maintenance.
D.Deploy the model in Amazon SageMaker and use an IoT rule to write data to an Amazon DynamoDB table. Consume a DynamoDB stream from the table with an AWS Lambda function to invoke the endpoint.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation
AWS IoT Greengrass is a service that extends AWS to edge devices, such as sensors and machines, so they can act locally on the data they generate, while still using the cloud for management, analytics, and durable storage. AWS IoT Greengrass enables local device messaging, secure data transfer, and local computing using AWS Lambda functions and machine learning models. AWS IoT Greengrass can run machine learning inference locally on devices using models that are created and trained in the cloud. This allows devices to respond quickly to local events, even when they are offline or have intermittent connectivity. Therefore, option B is the best deployment architecture for the model to address the business requirements of the manufacturer.
Option A is incorrect because deploying the model in Amazon SageMaker would require sending the sensor data to the cloud for inference, which would not work well for factory locations that do not have reliable or high-speed internet connectivity. Moreover, this option would not provide near-real-time inference capabilities, as there would be latency and bandwidth issues involved in transferring the data to and from the cloud. Option C is incorrect because deploying the model to an Amazon SageMaker batch transformation job would not provide near-real-time inference capabilities, as batch transformation is an asynchronous process that operates on large datasets. Batch transformation is not suitable for streaming data that requires low-latency responses. Option D is incorrect because deploying the model in Amazon SageMaker and using an IoT rule to write data to an Amazon DynamoDB table would also require sending the sensor data to the cloud for inference, which would have the same drawbacks as option A. Moreover, this option would introduce additional complexity and cost by involving multiple services, such as IoT Core, DynamoDB, and Lambda.
References:
AWS Greengrass Machine Learning Inference - Amazon Web Services
Machine learning components - AWS IoT Greengrass
What is AWS Greengrass? | AWS IoT Core | Onica
GitHub - aws-samples/aws-greengrass-ml-deployment-sample
AWS IoT Greengrass Architecture and Its Benefits | Quick Guide - XenonStack

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