A company uses Amazon Elasticsearch Service (Amazon ES) to store and analyze its website clickstream dat a. The company ingests 1 TB of data daily using Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose and stores one day's worth of data in an Amazon ES cluster.
The company has very slow query performance on the Amazon ES index and occasionally sees errors from Kinesis Data Firehose when attempting to write to the index. The Amazon ES cluster has 10 nodes running a single index and 3 dedicated master nodes. Each data node has 1.5 TB of Amazon EBS storage attached and the cluster is configured with 1,000 shards. Occasionally, JVMMemoryPressure errors are found in the cluster logs.
Which solution will improve the performance of Amazon ES?

• A.Increase the memory of the Amazon ES master nodes.
• B.Decrease the number of Amazon ES data nodes.
• C.Decrease the number of Amazon ES shards for the index.
• D.Increase the number of Amazon ES shards for the index.

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An online retail company uses Amazon Redshift to store historical sales transactions. The company is required to encrypt data at rest in the clusters to comply with the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS). A corporate governance policy mandates management of encryption keys using an on-premises hardware security module (HSM).
Which solution meets these requirements?

• A.Create a replica of the on-premises HSM in AWS CloudHSM. Launch a cluster in a VPC with the option to use CloudHSM to store keys.
• B.Create a VPC and establish a VPN connection between the VPC and the on-premises network. Create an HSM connection and client certificate for the on-premises HSM. Launch a cluster in the VPC with the option to use the on-premises HSM to store keys.
• C.Create and manage encryption keys using AWS CloudHSM Classic. Launch an Amazon Redshift cluster in a VPC with the option to use CloudHSM Classic for key management.
• D.Create an HSM connection and client certificate for the on-premises HSM. Enable HSM encryption on the existing unencrypted cluster by modifying the cluster. Connect to the VPC where the Amazon Redshift cluster resides from the on-premises network using a VPN.

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An Amazon Redshift database contains sensitive user data. Logging is necessary to meet compliance requirements. The logs must contain database authentication attempts, connections, and disconnections. The logs must also contain each query run against the database and record which database user ran each query.
Which steps will create the required logs?

• A.Enable Amazon Redshift Enhanced VPC Routing. Enable VPC Flow Logs to monitor traffic.
• B.Enable and download audit reports from AWS Artifact.
• C.Allow access to the Amazon Redshift database using AWS IAM only. Log access using AWS CloudTrail.
• D.Enable audit logging for Amazon Redshift using the AWS Management Console or the AWS CLI.

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A regional energy company collects voltage data from sensors attached to buildings. To address any known dangerous conditions, the company wants to be alerted when a sequence of two voltage drops is detected within 10 minutes of a voltage spike at the same building. It is important to ensure that all messages are delivered as quickly as possible. The system must be fully managed and highly available. The company also needs a solution that will automatically scale up as it covers additional cites with this monitoring feature. The alerting system is subscribed to an Amazon SNS topic for remediation.
Which solution meets these requirements?

• A.Create a REST-based web service using Amazon API Gateway in front of an AWS Lambda function.
  Create an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database with sufficient Provisioned IOPS (PIOPS). In the Lambda function, store incoming events in the RDS database and query the latest data to detect the known event sequence and send the SNS message.
• B.Create an Amazon Managed Streaming for Kafka cluster to ingest the data, and use an Apache Spark Streaming with Apache Kafka consumer API in an automatically scaled Amazon EMR cluster to process the incoming data. Use the Spark Streaming application to detect the known event sequence and send the SNS message.
• C.Create an Amazon Kinesis data stream to capture the incoming sensor data and create another stream for alert messages. Set up AWS Application Auto Scaling on both. Create a Kinesis Data Analytics for Java application to detect the known event sequence, and add a message to the message stream. Configure an AWS Lambda function to poll the message stream and publish to the SNS topic.
• D.Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to capture the incoming sensor data. Use an AWS Lambda transformation function to detect the known event sequence and send the SNS message.

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A company has a data warehouse in Amazon Redshift that is approximately 500 TB in size. New data is imported every few hours and read-only queries are run throughout the day and evening. There is a particularly heavy load with no writes for several hours each morning on business days. During those hours, some queries are queued and take a long time to execute. The company needs to optimize query execution and avoid any downtime.
What is the MOST cost-effective solution?

• A.Enable concurrency scaling in the workload management (WLM) queue.
• B.Use elastic resize to quickly add nodes during peak times. Remove the nodes when they are not needed.
• C.Use a snapshot, restore, and resize operation. Switch to the new target cluster.
• D.Add more nodes using the AWS Management Console during peak hours. Set the distribution style to ALL.

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