Which flaw does an attacker leverage when exploiting SQL injection vulnerabilities?
Correct Answer: A
SQL injection usually occurs when you ask a user for input, like their username/userid, but the user gives ("injects") you an SQL statement that you will unknowingly run on your database. For example: Look at the following example, which creates a SELECT statement by adding a variable (txtUserId) to a select string. The variable is fetched from user input (getRequestString): txtUserId = getRequestString("UserId"); txtSQL = "SELECT * FROM Users WHERE UserId = " + txtUserId; If user enter something like this: "100 OR 1=1" then the SQL statement will look like this: SELECT * FROM Users WHERE UserId = 100 OR 1=1; The SQL above is valid and will return ALL rows from the "Users" table, since OR 1=1 is always TRUE. A hacker might get access to all the user names and passwords in this database.
Question 617
What is the function of the crypto is a kmp key cisc406397954 address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 command when establishing an IPsec VPN tunnel?
Correct Answer: B
The function of the crypto is a kmp key cisc406397954 address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 command when establishing an IPsec VPN tunnel is to configure the pre-shared authentication key. This command specifies the key that will be used to authenticate the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) phase 1 negotiation between the IPsec peers. The key is associated with the address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0, which means that it will apply to any peer that initiates or responds to the IKE negotiation. This is a common configuration for dynamic IPsec VPN scenarios, such as Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN) or Easy VPN, where the IP addresses of the peers are not known in advance. However, this is also a less secure configuration, as it exposes the VPN server to potential brute- force attacks from any source. A more secure configuration would be to specify the exact IP address or subnet of the peer, or to use certificates instead of pre-shared keys. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) v1.0, Module 4: Securing the Cloud, Lesson 2: Site-to-Site VPNs, Topic: IPsec VPN Configuration Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide: Securing User Services, Release 12.4 - Configuring Internet Key Exchange for IPsec VPNs [Support] - Cisco, Configuring IKE Policies, Step 3: crypto isakmp key keystring [address | hostname] [mask | no-xauth] [netmask mask]
Question 618
In which two ways does Easy Connect help control network access when used with Cisco TrustSec? (Choose two)
What limits communication between applications or containers on the same node?
Correct Answer: A
Microsegmentation is a technique that divides a network into smaller segments or zones, each with its own security policies and controls. This helps to isolate and protect workloads and applications from each other, and limit the lateral movement of threats within the network. Microsegmentation can be applied to different platforms and environments, such as virtual machines, containers, cloud services, and endpoints. Microsegmentation can also improve the visibility and enforcement of network traffic, as well as the performance and scalability of security solutions. In the context of applications or containers on the same node, microsegmentation can limit the communication between them by enforcing granular policies based on attributes such as identity, context, and behavior. For example, microsegmentation can restrict which ports, protocols, or services are allowed for each application or container, and block any unauthorized or malicious traffic. Microsegmentation can also prevent the exposure of sensitive data or resources to other applications or containers on the same node, or to external attackers who may compromise one of them. Container orchestration, microservicing, and Software-Defined Access are not directly related to limiting the communication between applications or containers on the same node. Container orchestration is a process of managing the lifecycle, deployment, and scaling of containers across a cluster of nodes. Microservicing is an architectural style of developing applications as a collection of loosely coupled, independent, and modular services. Software-Defined Access is a network architecture that abstracts the network infrastructure from the network policies, and enables consistent and secure access to any application or service across any domain. References: * Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) v1.0, Module 5: Securing the Cloud, Lesson 5.1: Describing Cloud Computing and Deployment Models, Topic 5.1.4: Microsegmentation * What Is Micro-Segmentation? - Cisco * Communicating With Docker Containers on the Same Machine - Baeldung on Ops
Question 620
What are two ways a network administrator transparently identifies users using Active Directory on the Cisco WSA? (Choose two.) The eDirectory client must be installed on each client workstation.
Correct Answer: A,B
* Transparently identify users with authentication realms - This option is available when one or more authentication realms are configured to support transparent identification using one of the following authentication servers: * Active Directory - Create an NTLM or Kerberos authentication realm and enable transparent user identification. In addition, you must deploy a separate Active Directory agent such as Cisco' s Context Directory Agent. For more information, see Transparent User Identification with Active Directory. * LDAP - Create an LDAP authentication realm configured as an eDirectory, and enable transparent user identification. For more information, see Transparent User Identification with LDAP. Details: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/wsa/wsa11-0/user_guide/b_WSA_UserGuide /b_WSA_UserGuide_chapter_01001.html#:~:text=Transparently%20identify%20users%20with% 20authentication,User%20Identification%20with%20LDAP.
