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Question 346

Frame relay and X.25 networks are part of which of the following?

A.Circuit-switched services
B.Cell-switched services
C.Packet-switched services
D.Dedicated digital services

Correct Answer: C

Frame relay and X.25 are both examples of packet-switching technologies.
In packet-switched networks there are no dedicated connections between endpoints, and data is divided into packets and reassembled on the receiving end.
Frame Relay is an example of a packet-switched technology. Packet-switched networks enable end stations to dynamically share the network medium and the available bandwidth.
The following two techniques are used in packet-switching technology:
Variable-length packets
Statistical multiplexing
Variable-length packets are used for more efficient and flexible data transfers. These packets are switched between the various segments in the network until the destination is reached.
Statistical multiplexing techniques control network access in a packet-switched network.
The advantage of this technique is that it accommodates more flexibility and more efficient use of bandwidth. Most of today's popular LANs, such as Ethernet and Token Ring, are packet-switched networks.
Frame Relay often is described as a streamlined version of X.25, offering fewer of the robust capabilities, such as windowing and retransmission of last data that are offered in
X.25. This is because Frame Relay typically operates over WAN facilities that offer more reliable connection services and a higher degree of reliability than the facilities available during the late 1970s and early 1980s that served as the common platforms for X.25
WANs. As mentioned earlier, Frame Relay is strictly a Layer 2 protocol suite, whereas X.25 provides services at Layer 3 (the network layer) as well. This enables Frame Relay to offer higher performance and greater transmission efficiency than X.25, and makes Frame Relay suitable for current WAN applications, such as LAN interconnection.
The following answers are incorrect:
Circuit-switched services. An example of a circuit-switched service are Integrated Services
Digital Network (ISDN) and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). Frame Relay and X.25 do not use circuit switching technology.
Cell-switched services. This is a distractor.
Dedicated digital services. A packet switched network is commonly via a digital method, but is not dedicated. Examples of a Dedicated digital service might be a Permanent Virtual
Circuit (PVC), which does not use packet switching.
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
The CISCO Wiki on Frame Relay

Question 347

Which choice below is the earliest and the most commonly found
Interior Gateway Protocol?

A.OSPF
B.RIP
C.IGRP
D.EAP

Question 348

What Service Organization Controls (SOC) report can be freely distributed and used by customers to gain confidence in a service organization's systems?

A.SOC 1 Type 1
B.SOC 1 Type 2
C.SOC 2
D.SOC 3

Question 349

Which of the following BEST describes how access to a system is granted to federated user accounts?

A.Based on defined criteria by the Relying Party (RP)
B.Based on defined criteria by the Identity Provider (IdP)
C.With the identity assurance level
D.With the federation assurance level

Question 350

Why would an information security policy require that communications test equipment be controlled?

A.The equipment is susceptible to damage
B.The equipment can be used to reconfigure the network multiplexers
C.The equipment must always be available for replacement if necessary
D.The equipment can be used to browse information passing on a network