Which of the following techniques is used to identify attacks originating from a botnet?
Correct Answer: A
Passive OS fingerprinting can identify attacks originating from a botnet. Network Administrators can configure the firewall to take action on a botnet attack by using information obtained from passive OS fingerprinting. Passive OS fingerprinting (POSFP) allows the sensor to determine the operating system used by the hosts. The sensor examines the traffic flow between two hosts and then stores the operating system of those two hosts along with their IP addresses. In order to determine the type of operating system, the sensor analyzes TCP SYN and SYN ACK packets that are traveled on the network. The sensor computes the attack relevance rating to determine the relevancy of victim attack using the target host OS. After it, the sensor modifies the alert's risk rating or filters the alert for the attack. Passive OS fingerprinting is also used to improve the alert output by reporting some information, such as victim OS, relevancy to the victim in the alert, and source of the OS identification. Answer D is incorrect. A BPF-based filter is used to limit the number of packets seen by tcpdump; this renders the output more usable on networks with a high volume of traffic. Answer B is incorrect. Recipient filtering is used to block messages on the basis of whom they are sent to. Answer C is incorrect. IFilters are used to extract contents from files that are crawled. IFilters also remove application-specific formatting before the content of a document is indexed by the search engine.
Question 52
Which of the following can be used to accomplish authentication? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply.
Correct Answer: B,C,D
The following can be used to accomplish authentication: 1.Password 2.Biometrics 3.Token A password is a secret word or string of characters that is used for authentication, to prove identity, or gain access to a resource.
Question 53
Which of the following are the phases of the Certification and Accreditation (C&A) process? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose two.
Correct Answer: A,D
Explanation/Reference: Explanation: The Certification and Accreditation (C&A) process consists of four distinct phases: 1.Initiation 2.Security Certification 3.Security Accreditation 4.Continuous Monitoring The C&A activities can be applied to an information system at appropriate phases in the system development life cycle by selectively tailoring the various tasks and subtasks. AnswerB and C are incorrect. Auditing and detection are not phases of the Certification and Accreditation process.
Question 54
Stella works as a system engineer for BlueWell Inc. She wants to identify the performance thresholds of each build. Which of the following tests will help Stella to achieve her task?
Correct Answer: B
Explanation/Reference: Explanation: The various types of internal tests performed on builds are as follows: Regression tests: It is also known as the verification testing. These tests are developed to confirm that capabilities in earlier builds continue to work correctly in the subsequent builds. Functional test: These tests emphasizes on verifying that the build meets its functional and data requirements and correctly generates each expected display and report. Performance tests: These tests are used to identify the performance thresholds of each build. Reliability tests: These tests are used to identify the reliability thresholds of each build.
Question 55
John works as a professional Ethical Hacker. He has been assigned the project of testing the security of www.we-are-secure.com. He finds that the We-are-secure server is vulnerable to attacks. As a countermeasure, he suggests that the Network Administrator should remove the IPP printing capability from the server. He is suggesting this as a countermeasure against __________.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation/Reference: Explanation: Removing the IPP printing capability from a server is a good countermeasure against an IIS buffer overflow attack. A Network Administrator should take the following steps to prevent a Web server from IIS buffer overflow attacks: Conduct frequent scans for server vulnerabilities. Install the upgrades of Microsoft service packs. Implement effective firewalls. Apply URLScan and IISLockdown utilities. Remove the IPP printing capability. AnswerD is incorrect. The following are the DNS zone transfer countermeasures: Do not allow DNS zone transfer using the DNS property sheet: a.Open DNS. b.Right-click a DNS zone and click Properties. c.On the Zone Transfer tab, clear the Allow zone transfers check box. Configure the master DNS server to allow zone transfers only from secondary DNS servers: a.Open DNS. b.Right-click a DNS zone and click Properties. c.On the zone transfer tab, select the Allow zone transfers check box, and then do one of the following: To allow zone transfers only to the DNS servers listed on the name servers tab, click on the Only to the servers listed on the Name Server tab. To allow zone transfers only to specific DNS servers, click Only to the following servers, and add the IP address of one or more servers. Deny all unauthorized inbound connections to TCP port 53. Implement DNS keys and encrypted DNS payloads. AnswerA is incorrect. The following are the countermeasures against SNMP enumeration: 1.Removing the SNMP agent or disabling the SNMP service 2.Changing the default PUBLIC community name when 'shutting off SNMP' is not an option 3.Implementing the Group Policy security option called Additional restrictions for anonymous connections 4.Restricting access to NULL session pipes and NULL session shares 5.Upgrading SNMP Version 1 with the latest version 6.Implementing Access control list filtering to allow only access to the read-write community from approved stations or subnets AnswerC is incorrect. NetBIOS NULL session vulnerabilities are hard to prevent, especially if NetBIOS is needed as part of the infrastructure. One or more of the following steps can be taken to limit NetBIOS NULL session vulnerabilities: 1.Null sessions require access to the TCP 139 or TCP 445 port, which can be disabled by a Network Administrator. 2.A Network Administrator can also disable SMB services entirely on individual hosts by unbinding WINS Client TCP/IP from the interface. 3.A Network Administrator can also restrict the anonymous user by editing the registry values: a.Open regedit32, and go to HKLM\SYSTEM \CurrentControlSet\LSA. b.Choose edit > add value. Value name: RestrictAnonymous Data Type: REG_WORD Value: 2
