Which of the following is NOT an example of an operational control?
Correct Answer: B
Section: Security Operation Adimnistration Explanation/Reference: Operational controls are controls over the hardware, the media used and the operators using these resources. Operational controls are controls that are implemented and executed by people, they are most often procedures. Backup and recovery, contingency planning and operations procedures are operational controls. Auditing is considered an Administrative / detective control. However the actual auditing mechanisms in place on the systems would be consider operational controls.
Question 908
Which division of the Orange Book deals with discretionary protection (need-to-know)?
Correct Answer: B
C deals with discretionary protection. See matric below: C:\Users\MCS\Desktop\1.jpg TCSEC Matric The following are incorrect answers: D is incorrect. D deals with minimal security. B is incorrect. B deals with mandatory protection. A is incorrect. A deals with verified protection. Reference(s) used for this question: CBK, p. 329 - 330 and Shon Harris, CISSP All In One (AIO), 6th Edition , page 392-393
Question 909
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) uses a Message Authentication Code (MAC) for what purpose?
Correct Answer: D
Explanation/Reference: A keyed hash also called a MAC (message authentication code) is used for integrity protection and authenticity. In cryptography, a message authentication code (MAC) is a generated value used to authenticate a message. A MAC can be generated by HMAC or CBC-MAC methods. The MAC protects both a message's integrity (by ensuring that a different MAC will be produced if the message has changed) as well as its authenticity, because only someone who knows the secret key could have modified the message. MACs differ from digital signatures as MAC values are both generated and verified using the same secret key. This implies that the sender and receiver of a message must agree on the same key before initiating communications, as is the case with symmetric encryption. For the same reason, MACs do not provide the property of non-repudiation offered by signatures specifically in the case of a network-wide shared secret key: any user who can verify a MAC is also capable of generating MACs for other messages. HMAC When using HMAC the symmetric key of the sender would be concatenated (added at the end) with the message. The result of this process (message + secret key) would be put through a hashing algorithm, and the result would be a MAC value. This MAC value is then appended to the message being sent. If an enemy were to intercept this message and modify it, he would not have the necessary symmetric key to create a valid MAC value. The receiver would detect the tampering because the MAC value would not be valid on the receiving side. CBC-MAC If a CBC-MAC is being used, the message is encrypted with a symmetric block cipher in CBC mode, and the output of the final block of ciphertext is used as the MAC. The sender does not send the encrypted version of the message, but instead sends the plaintext version and the MAC attached to the message. The receiver receives the plaintext message and encrypts it with the same symmetric block cipher in CBC mode and calculates an independent MAC value. The receiver compares the new MAC value with the MAC value sent with the message. This method does not use a hashing algorithm as does HMAC. Cipher-Based Message Authentication Code (CMAC) Some security issues with CBC-MAC were found and they created Cipher-Based Message Authentication Code (CMAC) as a replacement. CMAC provides the same type of data origin authentication and integrity as CBC-MAC, but is more secure mathematically. CMAC is a variation of CBC-MAC. It is approved to work with AES and Triple DES. HMAC, CBC-MAC, and CMAC work higher in the network stack and can identify not only transmission errors (accidental), but also more nefarious modifications, as in an attacker messing with a message for her own benefit. This means all of these technologies can identify intentional, unauthorized modifications and accidental changes- three in one. The following are all incorrect answers: "Message non-repudiation" is incorrect. Nonrepudiation is the assurance that someone cannot deny something. Typically, nonrepudiation refers to the ability to ensure that a party to a contract or a communication cannot deny the authenticity of their signature on a document or the sending of a message that they originated. To repudiate means to deny. For many years, authorities have sought to make repudiation impossible in some situations. You might send registered mail, for example, so the recipient cannot deny that a letter was delivered. Similarly, a legal document typically requires witnesses to signing so that the person who signs cannot deny having done so. On the Internet, a digital signature is used not only to ensure that a message or document has been electronically signed by the person that purported to sign the document, but also, since a digital signature can only be created by one person, to ensure that a person cannot later deny that they furnished the signature. "Message confidentiality" is incorrect. The Message confidentiality is protected by encryption not by hashing algorithms. "Message interleave checking" is incorrect. This is a nonsense term included as a distractor. Reference(s) used for this question: Harris, Shon (2012-10-25). CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, 6th Edition (p. 1384). McGraw-Hill. Kindle Edition. and http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-38B/SP_800-38B.pdf and http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/nonrepudiation and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_authentication_code
Question 910
Which of the following protocols' primary function is to send messages between network devices regarding the health of the network?
Correct Answer: D
Its primary function is to send messages between network devices regarding the health of the network. ARP matches an IP address to an Ethernet address. RARP matches and Ethernet address to an IP address. ICMP runs on top of IP. Source: KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, 2001, John Wiley & Sons, Page 87.
Question 911
Which of the following computer recovery sites is only partially equipped with processing equipment?
Correct Answer: C
A warm site has some basic equipment or in some case almost all of the equipment but it is not sufficient to be operational without bringing in the last backup and in some cases more computers and other equipment. The following answers are incorrect: hot site. Is incorrect because a hot-site is fully configured with all the required hardware. The only thing missing is the last backup and you are up and running. Rolling hot site. Is incorrect because a rolling hot-site is fully configured with all the required hardware. cold site. Is incorrect because a cold site has basically power, HVAC, basic cabling, but no or little as far as processing equipment is concerned. All other equipment must be brought to this site. It might take a week or two to reconstruct. References: OIG CBK Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Planning (pages 368 - 369)
