A client is going to have a pneumonectomy in the morning. She had a previous negative surgical experience, is talking rapidly, and has an increased pulse and respiratory rate. Nursing interventions for this client should include:

• A.Providing opportunities to ask questions and talk about concerns
• B.Providing distractors such as reading or watching television
• C.Telling her that she should not be so nervous and assuring her that everything will be OK
• D.Reminding her that this surgery is not as extensive as her past surgery was

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A client undergoes a transurethral resection, prostate (TURP). He returns from surgery with a three-way continuous Foley irrigation of normal saline in progress. The purpose of this bladder irrigation is to prevent:

• A.Bladder spasms
• B.Clot formation
• C.Scrotal edema
• D.Prostatic infection

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A client is experiencing visual problems at school. She has complained of difficulty seeing the blackboard and squinting. She no longer likes to participate in physical activities such as softball. The client has displayed possible classic symptoms of which refractive error?

• A.Astigmatism
• B.Hyperopia
• C.Myopia
• D.Amblyopia

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The family member of a child scheduled for heart surgery states, "I just don't understand this open-heart or closed-heart business. I'm so confused! Can you help me understand it?" The nurse explains that patent ductus arteriosus repair is:

• A.Open-heart surgery. The child will be placed on a heart-lung machine while the surgery is being performed.
• B.Closed-heart surgery. It does not require that the child be placed on the heart-lung machine while the surgery is being performed.
• C.A pediatric version of the coronary artery bypass graft surgery performed on adults. It is an open-heart surgery.
• D.A pediatric version of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty performed on adults. It is a closed-heart surgery.

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A client with a head injury asks why he cannot have something for his headache. The nurse's response is based on the understanding that analgesics could:

• A.Counteract the effects of antibiotics
• B.Elevate the blood pressure
• C.Mask symptoms of increasing intracranial pressure
• D.Stimulate the central nervous system

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