According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS), clause 4.1 requires an organization to determine external and internal issues that are relevant to its purpose and that affect its ability to achieve the intended outcomes of its ISMS2. External issues are those that originate from outside the organization, such as legal, regulatory, cultural, social, political, economic, natural and competitive factors2. Internal issues are those that originate from within the organization, such as governance, structure, roles and responsibilities, policies, objectives, culture, capabilities, resources and information systems2. Therefore, based on this definition, four examples of external issues in the context of a management system to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 are a rise in interest rates in response to high inflation (which affects the economic environment of the organization), a reduction in grants as a result of a change in government policy (which affects the political and legal environment of the organization), higher labour costs as a result of an aging population (which affects the social and demographic environment of the organization), and inability to source raw materials due to government sanctions (which affects the trade and supply environment of the organization)2. The other options are examples of internal issues, as they originate from within the organization or its activities. For example, poor levels of staff competence as a result of cuts in training expenditure (which affects the capabilities and resources of the organization), increased absenteeism as a result of poor management (which affects the culture and performance of the organization), poor morale as a result of staff holidays being reduced (which affects the motivation and satisfaction of the organization's personnel), and a fall in productivity linked to outdated production equipment (which affects the efficiency and quality of the organization's processes)2. References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements
Question 227
下列哪一個選項存在輕微不符合項？
Correct Answer: C
This is a minor nonconformity. The backup frequency not adhering to the company's procedure of daily backups but occurring once a month represents a deviation from established processes, yet it might not immediately impact the effectiveness of the information security management system. References: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, Clause A.12.3 (Backup)
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 clause 6.1, the organization must establish, implement and maintain an information security risk management process that includes the following activities: establishing and maintaining information security risk criteria; ensuring that repeated information security risk assessments produce consistent, valid and comparable results; identifying the information security risks; analyzing the information security risks; evaluating the information security risks; treating the information security risks; accepting the information security risks and the residual information security risks; communicating and consulting with stakeholders throughout the process; monitoring and reviewing the information security risks and the risk treatment plan. According to control A.5.29, the organization must establish, document, implement and maintain processes, procedures and controls to ensure the required level of continuity for information security during a disruptive situation. The organization must also: determine its requirements for information security and the continuity of information security management in adverse situations, e.g. during a crisis or disaster; establish, document, implement and maintain processes, procedures and controls to ensure the required level of continuity for information security during an adverse situation; verify the availability of information processing facilities. Therefore, the following options will not be in your audit trail, as they are not relevant to the information security risk management process or the information security continuity process: E . Collect more evidence on how the organisation makes sure all staff periodically conduct a positive Covid test (Relevant to control A.7.2). This is not relevant to the information security aspects of business continuity management, as it is related to the health and safety of the staff, not the protection of information assets. Control A.7.2 is about screening of personnel prior to employment, not during employment. G . Collect more evidence on how the organisation performs a business risk assessment to evaluate how fast the existing residents can be discharged from the nursing home. (Relevant to clause 6). This is not relevant to the information security aspects of business continuity management, as it is related to the operational and financial aspects of the business, not the identification and treatment of information security risks. Clause 6 is about the information security risk management process, not the business risk management process. H . Collect more evidence on what resources the organisation provides to support the staff working from home. (Relevant to clause 7.1). This is not relevant to the information security aspects of business continuity management, as it is related to the general provision of resources for the ISMS, not the specific processes, procedures and controls to ensure the continuity of information security during a disruptive situation. Clause 7.1 is about determining and providing the resources needed for the establishment, implementation, maintenance and continual improvement of the ISMS, not the resources needed for the staff working from home. Reference: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clauses 6.1, 7.1, and Annex A control A.5.29 [PECB Candidate Handbook ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor], pages 14-15, 17, 22-23 ISO 27001:2022 Annex A Control 5.29 - What's New? ISO 22301 Business Continuity Management System
Question 229
下列哪一個選項不是審核組組長的角色？
Correct Answer: B
The role of the audit team leader does not include setting up an ethics committee. The primary responsibilities of the audit team leader include planning the audit, directing the activities of the audit team, ensuring compliance with the auditing standards, managing conflicts that arise during the audit, and presenting audit conclusions. References: ISO 19011:2018 Guidelines for auditing management systems
One of the advantages of having accredited certification of ISMS to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 is that it demonstrates the recognition of the credibility of the certification process. Accredited certification means that the certification body has been assessed and approved by an accreditation body, which ensures that the certification body operates according to international standards and follows impartiality, competence and consistency principles. Accredited certification also enhances the confidence of the organisation's customers, partners, regulators and other interested parties in the organisation's information security performance and compliance. Reference: = ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 0.2; [PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor], page 6; Key Benefits of ISO 27001 Certification - IT Governance.
