Which of the following hormones stimulates gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources such as amino acids, glycerol, and fatty acids?

• A.Epinephrine
• B.Insulin
• C.Cortisol

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HbsAg is positive in acute and chronic Hepatitis B infections, since the antigen is found on the actual surface of the virus. HbeAg is present in the blood when the hepatitis B viruses are replicating, indicating an active infection. Anti-Hbc IgM is present due to the immune response to the presence of the hepatitis core antigen and indicates an acute infection. Anti-HBs is generally interpreted as indicating recovery and immunity from hepatitis B virus infection, according to the CDC.
Given the following results, what is the immune status of the patient?
HbsAg: positive
HbeAg: positive
Anti-HBc IgM: positive
Anti-HBs: negative

• A.immunization
• B.susceptible
• C.acute infection
• D.chronic infection

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A phlebotomist has just performed a venipuncture on a patient. How would the phlebotomist dispose of the used needle?

• A.Place on the phlebotomy tray and dispose in the laboratory
• B.In the wastebasket with the regular garbage
• C.In the sharps container
• D.In the biohazard wastebasket

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Which of the following disorders is characterized by increased production of chloride in sweat?
Multiple myeloma

• A.Down Syndrome
• B.Hypoparathyoidism
• C.Cystic fibrosis
• D.Wilson's disease

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A test with high specificity accurately detects the absence of disease. The more specific a test is, the fewer false-positive results will occur. A test with high sensitivity accurately identifies the presence of disease. The more sensitive a test, the fewer false-negative results it produces. In the case stated in this question, the immunoassay has high specificity, so it has few false-positives and will accurately detect those individuals who do not have the disease or condition that is being tested for. However, the test has low sensitivity, so it may not identify all individuals who actually have the disease; it may produce many false-negative results.
The accuracy of an immunoassay is its ability to discriminate between results that are true positives and results that are true negatives. Two parameters of test accuracy are specificity and sensitivity. Which of these statements apply to an immunoassay with high specificity, but low sensitivity?

• A.Has few false-negatives
• B.Has few false-positives
• C.Accurately identifies the presence of disease
• D.Accurately identifies the absence of disease

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