Which of the following might be consequences of over-specification? Select TWO that apply:

• A.Reducing motion waste
• B.Higher cost due to inessential features
• C.Limiting competition in supply market
• D.Lack of essential features
• E.Better contract management

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Which of the following might be the consequences of under-specification? Select TWO that apply:

• A.Few suppliers can supply the full range of features
• B.Additional cost to rework
• C.Unfit products or services
• D.Poor competition between suppliers
• E.Higher cost due to inessential features

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Which of the following activities are considered as secondary activities of an organization? Select TWO that apply

• A.Component fabrication
• B.Training
• C.Information system development
• D.Shipping
• E.Service response

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Which of the following is the disadvantage of embedding standards in a specification?

• A.Standards do not improving buyer's bargaining power
• B.Embedding standards into specification requires enormous time and effort
• C.Standards are too static and discourage innovation
• D.Standards are too flexible and may cause ambiguity in the specification

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Due to the growth of consumer electronics market, semiconductor industry develops exponentially. However, the industry is dominated by a dozens of manufacturer. Chipset need to be built in factories with highly controlled environments. New chip factories cost billions of dollars and can take two years to build. Right now, factories are running at full capacity, which produce almost perfect yields, meaning basic chipset can be made for less than a dollar and more advanced versions for not much more. What are the barriers to new entrants in the semiconductor industry?
1. Poor industry growth
2. High set-up costs
3. Economies of scale
4. Low switching costs

• A.2 and 4 only
• B.3 and 4 only
• C.2 and 3 only
• D.1 and 4 only

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