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EC-COUNCIL Certification
212-81 Exam
EC-COUNCIL.212-81.v2022-12-30.q67 Dumps

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Question 56

Which service in a PKI will vouch for the identity of an individual or company?

A.CA
B.CR
C.KDC
D.CBC

Correct Answer: A

CA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority
A certificate authority or certification authority (CA) is an entity that issues digital certificates. A digital certificate certifies the ownership of a public key by the named subject of the certificate. This allows others (relying parties) to rely upon signatures or on assertions made about the private key that corresponds to the certified public key. A CA acts as a trusted third party-trusted both by the subject (owner) of the certificate and by the party relying upon the certificate. The format of these certificates is specified by the X.509 or EMV standard.

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Question 57

A non-secret binary vector used as the initializing input algorithm for encryption of a plaintext block sequence to increase security by introducing additional cryptographic variance.

A.IV
B.Salt
C.L2TP
D.Nonce

Correct Answer: A

IV
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initialization_vector
In cryptography, an initialization vector (IV) or starting variable (SV) is a fixed-size input to a cryptographic primitive that is typically required to be random or pseudorandom. Randomization is crucial for encryption schemes to achieve semantic security, a property whereby repeated usage of the scheme under the same key does not allow an attacker to infer relationships between segments of the encrypted message. For block ciphers, the use of an IV is described by the modes of operation. Randomization is also required for other primitives, such as universal hash functions and message authentication codes based thereon.
Incorrect answers:
L2TP - PPTP combined with L2F (Layer 2 Forwarding) (Cisco proprietary protocol) - Uses EAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP, PAP, or S-PAP for authentication. IPSec is used to provide encryption.
Salt - random bits of data intermixed with the message that is to be hashed.
Nonce - an arbitrary number that can be used just once in a cryptographic communication. It is similar in spirit to a nonce word, hence the name. It is often a random or pseudo-random number issued in an authentication protocol to ensure that old communications cannot be reused in replay attacks. They can also be useful as initialization vectors and in cryptographic hash functions.

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Question 58

Ferris has been assigned the task of selecting security for his company's wireless network. It is important that he pick the strongest form of wireless security. Which one of the following is the strongest wireless security?

A.WEP
B.WPA
C.WPA2
D.TKIP

Correct Answer: C

WPA2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access
WPA (sometimes referred to as the draft IEEE 802.11i standard) became available in 2003. The Wi-Fi Alliance intended it as an intermediate measure in anticipation of the availability of the more secure and complex WPA2, which became available in 2004 and is a common shorthand for the full IEEE 802.11i (or IEEE 802.11i-2004) standard.

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Question 59

A number that is used only one time, then discarded is called what?

A.IV
B.Nonce
C.Chain
D.Salt

Correct Answer: B

Nonce
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_nonce
A nonce is an arbitrary number that can be used just once in a cryptographic communication. It is similar in spirit to a nonce word, hence the name. It is often a random or pseudo-random number issued in an authentication protocol to ensure that old communications cannot be reused in replay attacks.

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Question 60

Modern symmetric ciphers all make use of one or more s-boxes. Both Feistel and non-Feistel ciphers use these s-boxes. What is an s-box?

A.A substitution box where input bits are replaced
B.A black box for the algorithm implementation
C.A shifting box where input bits are shifted
D.Another name for the round function

Correct Answer: A

Substitution box where input bits are replaced
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-box
In cryptography, an S-box (substitution-box) is a basic component of symmetric key algorithms which performs substitution. In block ciphers, they are typically used to obscure the relationship between the key and the ciphertext - Shannon's property of confusion.

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