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EC-COUNCIL Certification
212-81 Exam
EC-COUNCIL.212-81.v2023-05-30.q74 Dumps

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Question 11

Which service in a PKI will vouch for the identity of an individual or company?

A.CA
B.CR
C.KDC
D.CBC

Correct Answer: A

CA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority
A certificate authority or certification authority (CA) is an entity that issues digital certificates. A digital certificate certifies the ownership of a public key by the named subject of the certificate. This allows others (relying parties) to rely upon signatures or on assertions made about the private key that corresponds to the certified public key. A CA acts as a trusted third party-trusted both by the subject (owner) of the certificate and by the party relying upon the certificate. The format of these certificates is specified by the X.509 or EMV standard.

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Question 12

This is a proprietary version of PAP. Encrypts username and password as it is sent across network.

A.PPTP VPN
B.S-PAP
C.Kerberos
D.WPA2

Correct Answer: B

S-PAP
Shiva Password Authentication Protocol (S-PAP) - PAP with encryption for the usernames/passwords that are transmitted.
Incorrect answers:
Kerberos - a computer-network authentication protocol that works on the basis of tickets to allow nodes communicating over a non-secure network to prove their identity to one another in a secure manner. Its designers aimed it primarily at a client-server model and it provides mutual authentication-both the user and the server verify each other's identity. Kerberos protocol messages are protected against eavesdropping and replay attacks.
WPA2 - (Wi-Fi Protected Access II) security certification program developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance to secure wireless computer networks. It includes mandatory support for CCMP, an AES-based encryption mode.
PPTP VPN - works at layer 2 (data link) layer of OSI model. Provides both authentication and encryption. EAP or CHAP is used to provide the authentication for PPTP. MPPE (Microsoft Point to Point Encryption) is used to encrypt the traffic. MPPE - a specific Microsoft implementation of DES. Can only use over a traditional Ethernet network.

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Question 13

An authentication method that periodically re-authenticates the client by establishing a hash that is then resent from the client is called ______.

A.CHAP
B.SPAP
C.PAP
D.EAP

Correct Answer: A

CHAP
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenge-Handshake_Authentication_Protocol Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) is an identity verification protocol that does not rely on sending a shared secret between the access-requesting party and the identity-verifying party (the authenticator). CHAP is based on a shared secret, but in order to authenticate, the authenticator sends a "challenge" message to the access-requesting party, which responds with a value calculated using a "one-way hash" function that takes as inputs the challenge and the shared secret. The authenticator checks the response against its own calculation of the expected hash value. If the values match, the authentication succeeds, otherwise it fails. Following the establishment of an authenticated connection, the authenticator may send a challenge to the access-requesting party at random intervals, to which the access-requesting party will have to produce the correct response.
Incorrect answers:
EAP - A framework that allows for creation of different ways to provide authentication, such as smart cards SPAP - Shiva Password Authentication Protocol, PAP with encryption for the usernames/passwords that are transmitted.
PAP - Password Authentication Protocol. Used to authenticate users, but is no longer used because the information was sent in cleartext.

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Question 14

Which algorithm was U. S. Patent 5,231,668, filed on july 26, 1991, attributed to David W. Kravitz, and adopted by the U. S. government in 1993 with FIPS 186?

A.DSA
B.AES
C.RC4
D.RSA

Correct Answer: A

DSA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Signature_Algorithm
DSA is covered by U.S. Patent 5,231,668 , filed July 26, 1991 and now expired, and attributed to David
W. Kravitz, a former NSA employee. This patent was given to "The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of Commerce, Washington, D.C.", and NIST has made this patent available worldwide royalty-free. Claus
P. Schnorr claims that his U.S. Patent 4,995,082 (also now expired) covered DSA; this claim is disputed.

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Question 15

Modern symmetric ciphers all make use of one or more s-boxes. Both Feistel and non-Feistel ciphers use these s-boxes. What is an s-box?

A.A substitution box where input bits are replaced
B.A black box for the algorithm implementation
C.A shifting box where input bits are shifted
D.Another name for the round function

Correct Answer: A

Substitution box where input bits are replaced
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-box
In cryptography, an S-box (substitution-box) is a basic component of symmetric key algorithms which performs substitution. In block ciphers, they are typically used to obscure the relationship between the key and the ciphertext - Shannon's property of confusion.

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