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EC-COUNCIL Certification
212-81 Exam
EC-COUNCIL.212-81.v2023-05-30.q74 Dumps

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Question 36

A simple algorithm that will take the initial key and from that generate a slightly different key each round.

A.Key Schedule
B.Feistel Network
C.SHA-2
D.Diffie-Helman

Correct Answer: A

Key Schedule
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_schedule
In cryptography, the so-called product ciphers are a certain kind of cipher, where the (de-)ciphering of data is typically done as an iteration of rounds. The setup for each round is generally the same, except for round-specific fixed values called a round constant, and round-specific data derived from the cipher key called a round key. A key schedule is an algorithm that calculates all the round keys from the key.
Incorrect answers:
Feistel Network - (also known as Luby-Rackoff block cipher) is a symmetric structure used in the construction of block ciphers, named after the German-born physicist and cryptographer Horst Feistel who did pioneering research while working for IBM (USA).
SHA-2 - (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001. They are built using the Merkle-Damgard structure, from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies-Meyer structure from a specialized block cipher.
Diffie-Hellman - key exchange is a method of securely exchanging cryptographic keys over a public channel and was one of the first public-key protocols as conceived by Ralph Merkle and named after Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman.

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Question 37

Which of the following is used to encrypt email and create digital signatures?

A.DES
B.SHA1
C.AES
D.RSA

Correct Answer: D

RSA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_(cryptosystem)
RSA use for encryption email and create digital signatures

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Question 38

A 160-bit hash algorithm developed by Hans Dobbertin, Antoon Bosselaers, and Bart Preneel for which there are 128, 256 and 320-bit versions is called what?

A.SHA1
B.MD5
C.FORK
D.RIPEMD

Correct Answer: D

RIPEMD
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIPEMD
RIPEMD (RIPE Message Digest) is a family of cryptographic hash functions developed in 1992 (the original RIPEMD) and 1996 (other variants). There are five functions in the family: RIPEMD, RIPEMD-128, RIPEMD-160, RIPEMD-256, and RIPEMD-320, of which RIPEMD-160 is the most common.
The original RIPEMD, as well as RIPEMD-128, is not considered secure because 128-bit result is too small and also (for the original RIPEMD) because of design weaknesses. The 256- and 320-bit versions of RIPEMD provide the same level of security as RIPEMD-128 and RIPEMD-160, respectively; they are designed for applications where the security level is sufficient but longer hash result is necessary.

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Question 39

In IPSec, if the VPN is a gateway-gateway or a host-gateway, then which one of the following is true?

A.IPSec does not involve gateways
B.Only transport mode can be used
C.Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) authentication must be used
D.Only the tunnel mode can be used

Correct Answer: D

IPSec has two different modes: transport mode and tunnel mode.
Only the tunnel mode can be used
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPsec
In tunnel mode, the entire IP packet is encrypted and authenticated. It is then encapsulated into a new IP packet with a new IP header. Tunnel mode is used to create virtual private networks for network-to-network communications (e.g. between routers to link sites), host-to-network communications (e.g. remote user access) and host-to-host communications (e.g. private chat).
Incorrect answers:
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) authentication must be used. ESP in transport mode does not provide integrity and authentication for the entire IP packet. However, in Tunnel Mode, where the entire original IP packet is encapsulated with a new packet header added, ESP protection is afforded to the whole inner IP packet (including the inner header) while the outer header (including any outer IPv4 options or IPv6 extension headers) remains unprotected.
IPSec does not involve gateways. Wrong.
Only transport mode can be used. Transport mode, the default mode for IPSec, provides for end-to-end security. It can secure communications between a client and a server. When using the transport mode, only the IP payload is encrypted.

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Question 40

Which of the following is a key exchange protocol?

A.MQV
B.AES
C.DES
D.RSA

Correct Answer: A

MQV
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQV
MQV (Menezes-Qu-Vanstone) is an authenticated protocol for key agreement based on the Diffie-Hellman scheme. Like other authenticated Diffie-Hellman schemes, MQV provides protection against an active attacker. The protocol can be modified to work in an arbitrary finite group, and, in particular, elliptic curve groups, where it is known as elliptic curve MQV (ECMQV).
Incorrect answers:
RSA - (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) is a public-key cryptosystem that is widely used for secure data transmission. It is also one of the oldest. The acronym RSA comes from the surnames of Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman, who publicly described the algorithm in 1977.
AES - Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known by its original name Rijndael, is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001.
DES - Data Encryption Standard is a symmetric-key algorithm for the encryption of digital data.

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